Leadership Traits Required for Successful E&P Companies Essay

Initiative Traits Required for Successful E&P Companies - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that Oil and Gas investigation industry in Africa is developing at a critical rate. The landmass has a great deal of potential for advancement and development. This possibility is helping Africa to encounter critical outside direct speculations and business bargains. The pioneers are considered as significant development drivers of this oil and gas industry. It is the obligation of the main associations to limit the odds of work environment dangers. It is imperative to guarantee wellbeing and security of the representatives to achieve high notoriety in the business advertise. A few driving associations are executing various sorts of initiative attributes so as to fulfill the need of the worldwide populace. English Petroleum is one of the main associations around the world. They are working in very nearly 80 nations. The brand picture and character helped the association to grow their business in worldwide commercial center. Tony Haywar d and John Boone took a few activities to keep up manageable business activity of BP in the worldwide market. Be that as it may, absence of pre-expected activities and wellbeing measures by Tony took the extremely valuable existences of 11 representatives in Rig blast. The paper viably examines that a worldwide association can't make progress without best feasible strategic approaches and capacity to spur colleagues and staffs. Presentation The oil and gas organizations are developing consistently in Africa. The landmass supplies about 8% of the absolute oil flexibly on the planet which is equal to about 132.4 trillion barrels of oil each year. Adding to this the landmass additionally supplies 7.0% of the oil that the whole world devours. The mainland has a shale gas capability of 15.7% of the world creation and produces about 12% of the absolute creation of oil on the planet. This had prompted the advancement of various oil and investigation organizations in the landmass and at pre sent, there are around 32 national oil delivering organizations in Africa. Since the mainland has a ton of potential for development and improvement, it encounters a ton of outside direct ventures and arrangements consistently. The vast majority of the potential areas giving oil are in the nations of Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, and Egypt. In this manner the oil and gas industry is a blasting industry in Africa and the accomplishment behind the development is the characteristic assets that the nations are honored with and the pioneers of the organizations who divert the assets the correct way to create the ideal result. Initiative Traits Required for Successful Oil and Gas organizations in Africa. The pioneers go about as the central drivers of the development of the oil and gas industry. The business is presented to a great deal of dangers and accordingly the pioneers of the organizations must be instrumental in running the whole penetrating and investigation process protected and prod uctive. This security mindfulness in the association is basic both at the association level and at the individual level. Therefore the pioneers must practice this standard at each degree of their tasks. They ought to likewise keep up a sheltered domain for the laborers of the organizations. Alongside this, they must be amazingly dedicated to the work that they convey and this disposition should go about as a directing conduct for the remainder of the representatives of the association. The pioneers should target enhancing the states of oil investigation by limiting the dangers and boosting the profitability. That would empower the organizations to give government assistance to the general public all around. The pioneers in this specific industry frequently settle on wrong choices that lead to a few mishaps and wounds without receiving any considerable rewards. Consequently it is vital for the pioneers to not just give a rule to the individuals with respect to the work procedures yet additionally to screen and investigate the exercises on an everyday premise. These administrations must be rendered by the pioneer with a great deal of trustworthiness in any case the ideal outcomes can't be accomplished.

Abigail Adams Chapter Guide

It clarifies why she is so centered around her family and John later in her life. It additionally clarifies her penname â€Å"Diana† and her adoration for writing and being associated with legislative issues, in the wake of being instructed to peruse at a youthful age. Section 2: John * Abigail and John were hitched on October 25, 1764. The mutilate purpose of this part is to show the adoration creating among John and Abigail. The manner in which they were not pulled in to one another from the outset clarifies why they cooperate so well. They have various perspectives on things so they balance each other out. Their adoration for one another likewise sets up their downturn during their division later in their lives. Part 3: Wife and Mother * Abigail and John had six youngsters: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth (stillborn). The primary concern of this section is to show the Adams family developing. Abigail’s profound association with her children at such a youthful age clarifies her trouble later on in her life when they are no longer with her, particularly when her children start to venture out from home with their dad to help with his governmental issues and see the world. It additionally discloses her association with Nabby, since after Susanna and Elizabeth kicked the bucket youthful; Nabby was the main Adams little girl. Section 4: Politics * John chose agent for Massachusetts governing body, afterwards picked as a representative to the Continental Congress. Section 5: War Abigail needed to bring up her children and manage the family ranch get herself while John was away in Philadelphia. Section 6: Independence * Abigail utilized her impact over John to battle for women’s’ rights and portrayal during the drafting of the Constitution. * John was chosen official for France. Secti on 7: A Woman’s Sacrifice * While John was away in Europe, Abigail indeed needed to run her family unit all alone, which put her into a downturn. Section 8: The Long Separation * After his bonus to France, John was chosen serve diplomat which expanded his stay in Europe. Part 9: Years of Decision * While John was in Europe, Abigail couldn’t choose whether or not to go along with him, however when he was authorized to arrange a settlement of trade with Great Britain, she and Nabby chose to proceed to go along with him in Europe. * Nabby became hopelessly enamored with Royall Tyler so the outing was additionally to check whether their affection would last. Part 10: Europe * Abigail loved London on account of the class however detested Paris since she thought it was grimy and the individuals were inconsiderate. * The hirelings did less in Europe, so it was progressively costly to run a family unit ,which baffled Abigail. John was then named clergyman to London by congress. Section 11: â€Å"The Ambassadress† * Abigail was overpowered by the abundance of the imperial court in London. * She and John were not used to the costs of attire, workers, and facilitating suppers for different dignitaries. This was aggravated even by the low pay John was being paid by Congress. Section 12: A Homesick American * In London, Abigail kept on missing American and her agreeable life in the wide open since she felt restricted in the city in London. Section 13: The Vice President’s Lady * After Europe, Abigail was certain that she needed her better half to proceed with his political profession. * In March of 1779, John was chosen Vice President, so the entire Adams family moved to New York to present with George and Martha Washington, the new president and first woman. * once more, similar to London, Abigail had numerous social commitments to satisfy as the second woman of the United States. * Congress at that point moved the capital city to Philadelphia, so indeed the Adams family needed to move. Part 14: An Interlude at Quincy * For John’s second term as Vice President, Abigail invested the majority of her energy back in Braintree running the homestead. * After her wellbeing alarm while moving to Philadelphia, The Adams family didn’t need to chance her getting significantly increasingly wiped out. * In 1796, George Washington reported he would not serve a third term as president, which caused individuals to guess that John would succeed him. John would need to run against Thomas Jefferson so as to do as such. Part 15: Mrs. President * John’s political race made Abigail anxious. John was not as broadly upheld as Washington. * Abigail assumed an enormous job in John’s administration by communicating her conclusions in legislative issues, which was remarkable for a lady of the time. * While living in Philadelphia for John’s administration, Abigail developed to appreciate the city. Section 16: â€Å"The Federal City†: * When John’s political profession finished, Abigail came back to Quincy to a bustling home loaded with her family. * Abigail before long set out for Washington, the new capital city, however when John was not reappointed, the two of them returned. Part 17: The Matriarch of Peacefield * With both John and Abigail back in Quincy, Abigail returned right to being the female authority of the house and dealing with her various grandkids. * Abigail delighted in having her significant other consistently with her, and assisting with raising her little grandkids while in retirement. Part 18: The Curtain Falls * On October 28, 1817, Abigail kicked the bucket subsequent to becoming sick with typhoid fever, at age 73. * Abigail had the option to bite the dust calmly with the vast majority of her family around her. Abigail Adams Chapter Guide It clarifies why she is so centered around her family and John later in her life. It likewise clarifies her penname â€Å"Diana† and her adoration for writing and being engaged with legislative issues, subsequent to being instructed to peruse at a youthful age. Part 2: John * Abigail and John were hitched on October 25, 1764. The mangle purpose of this part is to show the affection creating among John and Abigail. The manner in which they were not pulled in to one another from the start clarifies why they cooperate so well. They have various perspectives on things so they balance each other out. Their adoration for one another additionally sets up their downturn during their division later in their lives. Part 3: Wife and Mother * Abigail and John had six kids: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth (stillborn). The primary concern of this part is to show the Adams family developing. Abigail’s profound association with her children at such a youthful age clarifies her misery later on in her life when they are no longer with her, particularly when her children start to venture out from home with their dad to help with his legislative issues and see the world. It additionally discloses her association with Nabby, since after Susanna and Elizabeth kicked the bucket youthful; Nabby was the main Adams little girl. Section 4: Politics * John chose agent for Massachusetts governing body, afterwards picked as a representative to the Continental Congress. Section 5: War Abigail needed to bring up her children and manage the family ranch get herself while John was away in Philadelphia. Part 6: Independence * Abigail utilized her impact over John to battle for women’s’ rights and portrayal during the drafting of the Constitution. * John was chosen magistrate for France. Section 7: A Woman’s Sacrifice * While John was away in Europe, Abigail by and by needed to run her family all alone, which put her into a downturn. Part 8: The Long Separation * After his bonus to France, John was chosen serve diplomat which broadened his stay in Europe. Section 9: Years of Decision * While John was in Europe, Abigail couldn’t choose whether or not to go along with him, however when he was dispatched to arrange a settlement of business with Great Britain, she and Nabby chose to proceed to go along with him in Europe. * Nabby began to look all starry eyed at Royall Tyler so the outing was likewise to check whether their affection would last. Part 10: Europe * Abigail preferred London on account of the class however despised Paris since she thought it was grimy and the individuals were impolite. * The workers did less in Europe, so it was increasingly costly to run a family ,which baffled Abigail. John was then selected priest to London by congress. Section 11: â€Å"The Ambassadress† * Abigail was overpowered by the abundance of the regal court in London. * She and John were not used to the costs of garments, workers, and facilitating meals for different dignitaries. This was exacerbated even by the low compensation John was being paid by Congress. Part 12: A Homesick American * In London, Abigail kept on missing American and her accommodating life in the wide open since she felt bound in the city in London. Part 13: The Vice President’s Lady * After Europe, Abigail was certain that she needed her significant other to proceed with his political vocation. * In March of 1779, John was chosen Vice President, so the entire Adams family moved to New York to present with George and Martha Washington, the new president and first woman. * once more, similar to London, Abigail had numerous social commitments to satisfy as the second woman of the United States. * Congress at that point moved the capital city to Philadelphia, so indeed the Adams family needed to move. Part 14: An Interlude at Quincy * For John’s second term as Vice President, Abigail invested the majority of her energy back in Braintree running the homestead. * After her wellbeing alarm while moving to Philadelphia, The Adams family didn’t need to hazard her getting much increasingly wiped out. * In 1796, George Washington reported he would not serve a third term as president, which caused individuals to theorize that John would succeed him. John would need to run against Thomas Jefferson so as to do as such. Section 15: Mrs. President * John’s political race made Abigail apprehensive. John was not as broadly bolstered as Washington. * Abigail assumed an enormous job in John’s administration by communicating her suppositions in governmental issues, which was exceptional for a lady of the time. * While living in Philadelphia for John’s administration, Abigail developed to appreciate the city. Section 16: â€Å"The Federal City†: * When John’s political vocation finished, Abigail came back to Quincy to a bustling home brimming with her family. * Abigail before long set out for Washington

Children and the Effects of Television Essay

TV programs were made for youngsters to learn regular abilities, yet it can come to begin influencing kids today since they observe a lot of they begin ailing in physical action and some can get inaccessible and rough. Studies have indicated that kids can get hefty, rough and even subject to TV whenever observed an excessive amount of TV. TV can impact youngsters from multiple points of view like getting corpulent, become reliant on it to an extreme; change school propensities and even can get brutal with watching various sorts of shows. It is the ideal opportunity for guardians to fire standing up and assume responsibility for what and exactly how much their youngsters sit in front of the TV. It is said that kids observe an excessive amount of TV despite the fact that a few investigations have demonstrated that various kinds of children’s TV programs will in general impact kids in various ways likewise they learn new things quicker. Shows like Blue’s Clues, Chuggington, Dinosaur Train, Mickey Mouse Club House, and Team Umizoomi are totally loaded up with instructive qualities that assist youngsters with creating abilities that they need. Blue’s Clues is a much enjoyed appear by youngsters ages 2-4. As indicated by â€Å"Common Sense Media† (2012), â€Å"In actuality, Blue’s Clues d oes a fine activity of regarding its young watchers as the multifaceted people that they are.† This is critical to little youngsters since it causes them to feel as they are a piece of something unique when they watch shows this way. With these sorts of tells show youngsters the best way to have various kinds of significant social aptitudes, collaboration, science, letter set, numbers, math issues and even have physical wellness in them which are a portion of the things that a kid has to know. With these kinds of show is exactly what kids need to assist them with extending their cerebrums. As per PEDÃÅ"K (2012) â€Å"Whichever program it might be, it has conduct, mental and enthusiastic effects.† (p.224).On the other hand more youngsters are observing more network shows for a diversion reason which has no instructive vales in them. Shows like Sponge Bob Square Pants, The Simpsons, Batman, and The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles which comprise of having brutality, inconsiderateness, and poor good examples for kids are the ones that are molding our youngsters in this day old enough. It is dependent upon the parent to ensure that their kids are getting the right parity of fun, training, and physical movement to enable them to develop. Studies have demonstrated that kid's shows have the most significant effects on youngsters in light of the fact that in the kid's shows to kids it is something done each day and alright to carry on likes the character on TV. As per â€Å"Kids Health from Nemours† (1995-2012),† Kids who see savage acts are bound to show forceful behavior† which has become an issue to a wide range of youngsters around the globe today. Kids resemble little wipes absorbing all that they can on the grounds that each and every kid and young lady needs to resemble their preferred animation saint or character. How much time a kid sits in front of the TV is a central point in children’s conduct and their physical wellbeing. At whatever point guardians permit their youngsters to sit before the TV and watch over four hours per day at that point guardians could be risking their kid to turn out to be increasingly subject to TV to keep them engaged, and this can turn out to be exceptionally destructive to a child’s wellbeing, or to their psychological state too. It very well may be difficult for a parent attempt to clean house, cook a supper, and even accomplish school work with kids getting exhausted, and guardians simply don't have the opportunity to go through with them and afterward so it appear to be a useful instrument to have the option to help at the ideal opportunity for them to sit in front of the TV. Something that you can do to ensure when the suitable occasions and what is the fitting show’s to watch as indicated by â€Å"Kids Health from Nemours† (1995-2012),† Come up with a family TV plan that all of you concur upon every week. At that point, post the timetable in an obvious territory (e.g., on the fridge) with the goal that everybody realizes which projects are OK to watch and when. Furthermore, make a point to kill the TV when the â€Å"scheduled† program is over rather than station surfing.† Instead of giving your youngsters TV time when they experience weariness some recommendation to them is to head outside and pretend that they are the characters in their preferred learning network show. Something else is get them some blaze cards with math, spelling or any sort of learning cards. On the off chance that you divert youngsters from TV with something better, at that point you will have a kid that thinks less about the TV and increasingly ab out playing with their learning games. Basic supposition state that fierce TV programs can form a kid to be either savage when they get more established or they build up a dread of being harmed. Kids take what they see and apply it to what they do, sort of like the expression â€Å"Monkey see monkey do† kind of thing. As indicated by Willson (2008) â€Å"Wilson likewise shows that children’s powerlessness to media impact can fluctuate as per their sexual orientation, their age, how sensible they see the media to be, and the amount they relate to characters and individuals on the screen.† † (p. 87) Children need positive good examples throughout their life and somebody to gaze upward to throughout everyday life and most kids have their TV characters. Guardians can for the most part observe the signs in a youngster just by the manner in which they are when viewing a specific TV program, and the way that they demonstration on the off chance that they can't see the network show is an indication that a parent needs to watch the TV program to perceive what it is that is irresistible about the show to their kid to make them carry on. There are various kinds of signs to assist guardians with knowing whether the show that your youngster is watching is suitable for them or in the event that it isn't fitting for them. A portion of the signs that guardians need to search for is in the event that they experience difficulty in school, with drawn away from loved ones just to give some examples, and on the off chance that you see these issues, at that point as a parent should step in and attempt to pull the youngster/kids from the network shows that they watch. Some state that it is impossible however considers have demonstrated that if there is greater quality time spent among guardians and their kid/youngsters then they will more than likely not want to stare at the TV. In the course of recent weeks I have been leading my very own investigation on the best way to shield your youngsters from observing a lot of TV and kept a few notes on the impacts it had on them. They are increasingly an aficionado of viewing diverse network shows and not having any desire to try and play with their toys. So one day I went to the store and session some tabletop games, movement books, shading books, learning streak cards and even some understanding books. What it is that I have found is that on the off chance that I just set aside an hour of my effort to communicate with them to help kick them off and keen on one of the activity’s that I have purchased and kicked them off on one of them with me that I could leave them and accomplish my school work, house work and even cook supper and not one-time did I hear the words â€Å"I need to stare at the TV Aunt Becca!† So if guardians simply make an opportunity to remove time from your time just to get them intrigued is a colossal result at long last. Stoutness is one of the most risky reactions that are found in kids that observe more TV than get out and do physical exercises. At the point when kids stare at the TV subsequent to having or while having breakfast, tidbits, snacks, and supper are discovered that they don’t need to get up, quit sitting in front of the TV and head outside and play with companions or kin. Presently they are doing nothing to help consume off the calories that they are expending then they run a hazard at getting corpulent and create other medical problems sometime down the road. As per â€Å"How T.V. Impacts Your Child† (1995-2012), â€Å"Studies have demonstrated that diminishing the measure of TV kids watched prompted less weight addition and lower weight record (BMI †an estimation got from someone’s weight and height)†. Something that can assist youngsters with abstaining from getting ravenous while sitting in front of the TV is by attempting to limit the ads, since plugs are loaded up with yummy nourishments and tidbits that they like to eat. Something to help with that would be when there is a business on pull them away to do a type of movement like, tidy up their room, overlay fabrics, or just by having them come in and clarify what it is that is going on in their TV program. Observing what kids watch on TV is probably the best thing that you can do to shield our youngsters from getting large, rough, reliant on TV, and less troublesome in school. In end there are a wide range of upsides and downsides of TV and the impacts that it has on kids can go the two different ways, yet it is dependent upon the guardians to ensure that their kids get the physical movement, mental instruction and right good examples that they have to ensure that they live an increasingly more beneficial and dynamic way of life. Since our kids are the eventual fate of America and guardians need to ensure that their future will be a splendid and dynamic life. Reference: PEDÃÅ"K, Dr. Åž. B. (2012, January). A STUDY ON CHARACTERISTISCS OF PARENTS’ TV VIEWING AND CHILDREN’S OPINIONS ON THE CARTOONS THEY WATCHED. Universal Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1), 224-233. How T.V. Impacts your youngster. (2011). Recovered from http://www.nemours.org/content/nemours/wwwv2/patientfamily/khlibrary/articles/21720.html Willson, B. J. (2008, Spring). Media and Children’s Aggression, Fear, and Altruism. , 18(1), 87-118.

Academic De-Greening Applying to College After Military Service

Having worked with numerous military veterans as they begin to transition to college, I know firsthand how challenging and daunting this shift can be. In particular, many veterans struggle to include their military experiences and accolades within the context of a personal statement, often assuming it is at worst a shot against them (proving they have been removed from school for way too long), or at best an aberration from a â€Å"normal† academic background that should, therefore, be glossed over in any personal statement or interview. 4 (incorrect) assumptions about your military experience While it is understandable for veterans to feel that their military service is unusual, a nontraditional, and in this case military, background can be tremendously beneficial in the application process. Here are some typical assumptions veterans make about themselves in academia, followed by an expert response to each and its validity. Assumption #1 Serving in the military means I’m less prepared for college because I haven’t been in high school in X number of years, and the other applicants are coming straight from thirteen years of schooling! Expert advice While you might feel less prepared, all veterans who are high school graduates have still had the same amount of schooling as a recent high school graduate. In fact, the years after high school in which a veteran has served in the military are years of schooling of a different sort. These are years full of growth, maturation, and yes, education which any college would love to hear about. You might have learned all about sea navigation in the navy, or strategies for nontraditional combat in a war zone. NOTE: Emphasizing the level of responsibility you carried in the military is a crucial way to demonstrate your readiness for college. Be careful to specify whether you were ever in combat and/or what other responsibilities you shouldered. You will have learned a great deal about teamwork and self-reliance, as well as what it means to devote every ounce of energy to a single task or physical challenge in a way most people are never asked to do. Consider your experiences and what you learned from them, for they, like high school classes, all count as educational preparation for college. Assumption #2 I am now X number of years older than most 17- or 18-year-old college applicants. Doesn’t that make me look strange, or delayed in reaching this goal? Expert advice If you spent the last X number of years sitting in your parents’ basement playing video games, then yes, you do look strange, perhaps lazy, and you will need to work very hard to present a good case for applying to college later than a usual applicant. However, if your age is older than the average college applicant because you decided to commit years of your life to defending your country or bettering the world, and in so doing you matured and learned valuable lessons, there could be no better reason to have delayed college! It is all about your explanation for delaying college; a delay in and of itself is not a concern. It can, in fact, be an opportunity to share the unique experiences that have shaped you, and that you have contributed to. Assumption #3 College seems to be all about exploring new ideas and topics, yet I just spent many years in a system (i.e. the military) in which I was largely told what to do and what to focus on. How do I still make myself appealing to a college that values curiosity? Expert advice If your years in the military have drained you of every ounce of curiosity you ever had, then you are right: you will not seem to be a very appealing candidate, especially at a liberal arts college. However, assuming you do possess a decent dose of curiosity and eagerness to learn, you can leverage your military experience in two different ways for this very purpose: You might think about the way you were trained to think in the military and how it differs or is similar to the thinking and exploration that will be encouraged in college. Was there value to being told what to do all the time? Has it made you hungry for the flexibility and exploration that college allows? Has it given you any skills that might help you to succeed in college? You might think back to your military service and the instances when, even in a very top-down system, you needed to make a decision, guide a group through a difficult training, encourage others when things got rough, and so forth. When did you reveal your individuality within such a conforming system? What does that say about the person you are? Assumption #4 How do I know I’d be a good fit for college? I’m already married, in my 30s or 40s, and wouldn’t fit in with dorm life, Greek life, etc. Expert advice While it is true that a majority of college students in the U.S. are coming straight from high school and will indeed live in dorms and partake in all activities together, that is by no means the rule. In fact, your life experience might be very compelling and interesting to both your professors and your peers. Your decision to pursue college later in life is often a decision that is deeply respected in the academy. This is not to say that your experience will be like that of the typical student, because it won’t. However, many students at all sorts of schools choose to commute from home, to live off-campus, to work part-time and thus limit their extracurricular involvement, and make other such decisions. You will never be alone in your decision to live a more independent life away from the grounds of your university. Bottom line: Show that your experiences are valuable When applying to college from the military, you must show that you have had experiences that college and universities value. In your personal statement, highlight your leadership, teamwork, travels, and lessons learned in challenging situations. Show that you, as a nontraditional applicant, have a wealth of experience to contribute to your school, class, and community. If you do, your personal statement will enhance your chances of acceptance and facilitate your transition from the military to the academy. Do you want to optimize your college application to highlight how your military experience contributes to your competitiveness? Our expert advisors can guide you through the admissions process, helping you create an application that truly represents you at your very best, one that will excel at your target school and beyond. Check out our College Admissions Consulting Editing Services to learn more about how we can help you get ACCEPTED. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '14137059-b07d-43d8-8309-0bbaea2a0055', {}); By Rachel Slutsky who has as served as a writing tutor, consultant, and adjunct professor teaching writing. Rachel has assisted applicants in applying to an array of MBA and graduate programs. She earned her masters from the University of Chicago and is currently pursuing her PhD at Harvard University.  Want Rachel to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ From Example to Exemplary, a free guide to writing outstanding application essays †¢ â€Å"I’m Smart, Really I Am!† Proving Character Traits in Your Essays †¢ What Is the Diversity Essay Question How Do You Answer It?

Behaviourist Theory Cognitive Developmental Theory, And...

The theories/approaches established by historical and contemporary pioneers provide valuable insight, underpinning the understanding of how children develop, allowing teachers to enhance the holistic development of every child. This essay will analyse the: behaviourist theory; cognitive-developmental theory; and socio-cultural theory. Behaviourist Theory Behaviourists regard behaviour as a response to a stimulus; pioneering the belief that internal cognitive processes are unnecessary when explaining behaviour. This view is supported by the behaviourist John Locke who proposed that children are born as ‘blank slates’ (‘tabula rasa’) whereby children are shaped by experience (Neaum, 2010). The behaviourist approach assumes that the process of learning is the same in all species; therefore concluding that human and animals learn in similar ways. Early behaviourists include Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman and Edwin Guthrie conducted experiments on animals, under carefully observed conditions (Collin, 2011). However the three theorists, most associated with behaviourism are: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson and B.F. Skinner. These theorists identified two types of associative learning: classical and operant conditioning; these methods underpin the behaviourist perspective. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian psychologist who inadvertently discovered classical conditioning; a way to view the functioning of the nervous system, this remains his greatest psychological contributionShow MoreRelatedSocio Cultural Theory And Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe two theorists that I have chosen to compare are Vygotsky for his work on the socio-cultural theory and Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory. The socio-cultural theory focuses on how norms, culture, beliefs and values are passed onto the next generation in a society (Berk, 2007). Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development and described his work as genetic epistemology. He was concerned with how essential concepts such as the idea of time, numbers, justice etc. arose (SieglerRead MoreChildren Are Wearing Christmas Hats And Doing Cooking797 Words   |  4 Pagesof childhood so that children are given time and space to participate in different activities and learning. In this imaging of the child, we allow children to participate in cooking which can promote their fine motor skills and cognitive development. From the developmental perspective, cooking is one of the ideal activities that benefit children to engage in as it stimulates all the senses and each area of development (Beaver Brewster, 2002, p.39). In the image, children are using a rolling pinRead MoreExplain the Principal Psychological Perspectives Applied to the Understanding of the Development of Individuals7716 Words   |  31 Pagespsychological perspectives applied to the understanding of the development of individuals * D1 Evaluate the principal psychological perspectives applied to the understanding of the development of individuals There are numerous debates in regards to developmental psychology. One of the main debates to begin with is nature vs nurture; some individuals believe that we are products of our environment while others regards us while others believe that we are products of our genetics. John Locke believes thatRead MoreNormative Development3160 Words   |  13 Pageslaws were devised, and objective and quantitative measurements of isolated variables analysed. 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Informative Speech over Immigration - 929 Words

As an individual who has witnessed family friends of immigrants that came to this country over 20 years ago in hope of a better future. I understand why so many immigrants are willing to cross a border so dangerous and treacherous to reach a country that is called the land of opportunities. What we call The Unites States of America the land of the free. An average of 2,700 illegal immigrants are willing to cross the border each day leaving there families and risking their own lifes to cross to the US. Mostly in the news we tend to hear only the superficial fact but never the real facts or the stories of the capture immigrants. If we would just take time to listen to the real stories of what I called the unforgotten children and women. We†¦show more content†¦Many are single mothers that are not able to feed their kids and they look up north for hope. Is this the cost women should have to make in other to have a chance at freedom or a better future? Many immigrants’ wo men have to sell their bodies to pay the coyotes that cross them over to the U. S. and the ones that refuse we can find their bodies in a ditch unrecognizable. All that is left is a cross with an empty name. The economy in their countries is so bad that many immigrant/individuals are willing to risk their life to give better future to their families. Immigrants are individuals who are trying to improve their life styles for their families within the economy, escape prosecution of gangs, and looking for more in their future. Everyone should have a chance to stay in the United States of America since we are all immigrants. We all travel from all different countries to make the U.S. what is today. Immigrants are not just people trying to take jobs like many say or criminals that the news makes it seem. Each individual has a story to tell. Some are just like you and me or children that are like our little brothers or sisters. 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Developing a Survey Instrument Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Useful Method of Data Collection within Business and Management Research. Answer: Introduction Researchers always desire to collect the most accurate data possible to substantiate, justify, or test their hypothesis. Enabling such milestones in a study requires the use of an effective survey instrument that conforms to the requirements of the data to be collected. Although choosing the right tool can be at times challenging, the underlining factors remain to be efficiency, reliability, compatibility, and cost of the surveying tools to be used (Lee, Vargo Seville, 2013, p.34). Depending on the population under study, its composition regarding gender, cultural practices, and literacy levels will dictate the best tools to be used to extract data from it. Even though, there are still more challenges that make developing an effective survey instrument intricate and involving. Accordingly, most researchers will opt to undertake a pilot study first to test the efficiency of the data collection tools he/she intends to use. Challenges in Developing Survey Instruments Just like any undertaking, developing tools for data collections also have difficulties. This makes the process involving and demanding high levels of accuracies or making informed decisions on the instruments to be used. Since survey instruments are meant to collect data from the whole population, their precision has to be upbeat for a better outcome. In essence, any study involving the collection of data whether qualitative or quantitative needs pre-tested tools for better results (Ahern, Gardner Courtney, 2016, p. 26). However, several issues make the development process of designing survey instruments challenging. Compatibility Depending on the nature of the data that needs to be collected, developing the appropriate tools can become a challenging task. For instance, when both qualitative and quantitative data is required, the instrument should be compatible with the forms of the various data. Although the leading questions can be used to obtain critical information concerning both types of data, it is usually not enough for the whole set of data needed (Bishop Verleger, 2013, p. 8). Considering the data analysis procedure to be used by a researcher, the instrument used should be able to gather the datatypes needed. Such a requirement while designing a survey instrument makes the process even more complicated and challenging to the research despite the research questions being ready. For example, when a researcher wishes to use a questionnaire in collecting data, it has to be developed in a way that all the information collected is relevant to the study. If nominal, ordinal, and scale variable datatypes ar e needed, I have to have the ability to be able to gather all data in the one instrument. Composition of the Population In most cases, when undertaking a study, there is human involvement in the process. Accordingly, their structure affects the nature and type of the instrument to use while extracting information from them. Since precision is the key consideration while obtaining data from the study population, the tools should match both social and ethical requirements (Srensen, 2013, p. 948). Furthermore, the literacy levels of the population sometimes make it impossible to use some types of instruments or make their preparation more difficult. For instance, when an online questionnaire is to be used to source data from a particular population, the development process will be complex and arduous. This is because the forms have to be made compatible with all existing operating systems and the contents are also comprehensible by the whole population. Such a requirement makes the development process of such a survey instrument not only challenging but also time-consuming and sometimes costly. Reliability Reliableness of data collecting tools is among the top concerns of any researcher who wants to collect data from the whole population. While designing a survey instrument, the focus is always on making sure its use will yield accurate results. According to Iliopoulou, Kitchell, and Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan (2013, p. 1682), the development procedure of a research tool becomes challenging when its reliability is challenged by human-induced factors such as culture, religion, education or even geographical locations. In instances where there is a cosmopolitan community without a common language, designing the instrument even becomes more challenging as it will need expertise from the various ethnic groups to ensure the contents are the same despite the differences in the language used. Other than challenges caused by human factors, some organizational requirements may require some authorisations particularly when its employees are to be part of it. In this case, the researcher will need to have the data collection tools accompanied by authorization materials especially when financial or medical information is to be collected (Iliopoulou, Kitchell, and Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, 2013, p. 1685),. For this reason, the whole procedure becomes challenging and makes it consume more time than it might be expected. Validation of the Instrument In testing the effectiveness of the survey instrument before its actual use, several errors may emerge necessitating immediate changes. In fact, even after correcting the flaws noticed during the pilot study, more errors may still be present only to be identified later when the instrument is being used. According to Akter, DAmbra, and Ray (2013, p. 184), validating data collection tool literally takes more than just ensuring all the research questions are presented in the research tool for presentation to the target population. It should account for the acceptability of the language used and confidentiality of information that will be gathered. Essentially, ensuring that the data collection instrument does not have loopholes that can lead to the identification of responded has to be forefront. However, in some instances, it becomes apparent to let the instruments be able to capture data that can identify the respondents mostly in the cases where a health related study is being undert aken (Akter, DAmbra Ray, 2013, p. 185) Generally, the tasks that are accompanied with developing research instruments can be challenging if there the one preparing does not have adequate knowledge of the population he/she intends to use for the study. Again, depending on what the research questions are, the instrument can be difficult to design. For instance, when using a questionnaire that uses either the Cronbach or Likert scale, deciding on allocations of the corresponding scores or degrees increases the complexity in developing the tool (Bunton, 2016, p. 1183). Therefore, it is essential for a researcher to ensure that he/she is sure of the variables and their possible measurement scale so that it can be easier to design a reliable, compatible and valid survey instrument. Strategies and Principles for Developing an Effective Survey Instrument The accuracy and dependability of surveying tools in collecting data from the field is a concern to many organizations/individuals. Developing the right instrument has always posed a challenge to many but with the input of some strategies, cross-checking and ensuring that the tools are valid can solve the whole problem. According to McCoach, Gable, and Madura (2013), the idea of having an effective survey instrument relies on the strategies and the key principles that guide its development and use. For this reason, some key strategies that ensure a survey instrument is valid, effective and reliable for use exists. Checking Content Validity While developing research work, there are always certain aspects that needs to be met to make the all the information presented is consistent with the topic under study. One way of addressing this issue is developing survey instruments that explicitly integrate all the contents of the research. Starting with the statement of the problem, objectives of the study and in some instances research questions and hypothesis, a good instrument should focus on answering/conforming to the requirements of these sections. Although in some scenarios it may not be possible of including all the contents of the research instrument fully, there is always room for a bigger percentage of including the critical details (Hess, et.al, 2013, p. 25). It is thus paramount to ensure that the contents of the instrument are valid and consistent with the research questions. Logical Sequencing of Questions Among the greatest determinant of an effective survey tool is how it is designed to systematically answer the research questions without overriding information (Jnese, et.al, 2015). Due to this fact, most researchers opt to break their data collection instruments into sections/parts that prepare the respondents to present information under certain categories one at a time. For instance, a questionnaire or an interview can have categories of questions ranging from, demographic, education, social well-being, and other information types clustered together for consistency in information recording. This not only makes the instrument more efficient but also aids in easy data entry from the collection tools after the data gathering exercise (Bruck Towns, 2013, p. 689). Checking Internal Consistency Depending on the type of issues to be addressed in the survey instrument, checking on the uniformity of the scale for measuring items of the same concept is essential. All the elements or concepts in a particular set of questions need to use the same scale that measures the variables involved. For instance, when measuring satisfaction on various issues as education, trade, social responsibility, and economic conditions, the same scale needs to be used so that the information obtained can be consistent and easier to interpret. In such a case, measures such as low, moderate, and high can be used to measure the levels of satisfaction. As pointed out by (Preibusch, 2013, p. 1139), observational type of instruments may not necessarily rely on written questions, but the researcher undertaking the observation must have in mind a picture of what low, moderate or high means so as to gauge the levels accurately. Such considerations while designing how the instrument is going to be used is an e ssential feature of an effective survey tool. Choice of Language and Tone It is worth noting that no subject in a survey study is compelled to provide information for the research. In fact, respondents answer questions asked if they are only willing to participate. When an offending language is used in the research instrument, there are higher possibilities of the interviewees shying away in answering some of the questions asked (Mola, 2013, p. 712). For instance a phrase like.Can you provide your demographic details here only sound more of demanding than requesting. In such a case, an effective way of showing a respective tone could be Please enter/provide the following demographic details about you. This sounds more friendly that the previous phrase. It is thus vital to decide on the choice of words to be used to deliver the contents of the survey instrument. Furthermore, using a harsh tone reduces the chances of being offered the correct information by the respondents from the study population (Greene, et.al, 2016, p. 137). Developing a Mixed Set of Questions While it remains relevant to consider short and precise questions in a survey instrument, it should also give room for both closed and open-ended questions. The nature pf the data needed will always determine how the questions will be sequenced. According to Young and Bryan (2015, p. 8), designing an instrument that gives a chance for respondents to give a personal account of certain issues as required by the research provides a more realistic and real image of the issue being addressed. Unlike the close-ended questions, allowing participants to inject their personal observations also increases the chances of obtaining information that is more accurate. Despite the fact that it takes the time to complete open set of questions, it is still vital to include both at ago in the survey instrument to make it more effective and reliable (Linsky, et.al, 2016, p. 747). Conclusion The primary challenge when designing a survey instrument is said to be compatibility, reliability and validity issues. Researchers find it hard to entirely develop a sound and upbeat instrument without letting undergo pre-testing procedure. Even after the pilot study and modifications, certain deficiencies that are unnoticed may still present at a later stage. However, by employing some strategies, one can develop an effective survey instrument that can be used to collect data from the study population without raising any ethical, validity or accuracy issues. Such strategies may include; checking the tone used, the arrangement of the questions and consistency of information on the instrument. Reference List Ahern, T., Gardner, A., and Courtney, M. (2016). Development, face validity and reliability testing of a survey instrument to explore the role of the Australian breast care nurse.Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing.17(1), p.26. Akter, S., DAmbra, J. and Ray, P. (2013). Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of Health. Information Management, 50(4), pp.181-195. Bishop, J.L., and Verleger, M.A.(2013), June. The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. InASEE National Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, GA, 30(9), pp. 1-18. Bunton, S.A. (2016). Using Qualitative Research as a Means to an Effective Survey Instrument.Academic Medicine,91(8), p.1183. Bruck, A.D., and Towns, M. (2013). Development, implementation, and analysis of a national survey of faculty goals for undergraduate chemistry laboratory.Journal of Chemical Education,90(6), pp.685-693. Greene, L.M., Royal, K.D., Bradley, J.M., Lascelles, B.D.X., Johnson, L.R. and Hawkins, E.C. (2016). The severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease Questionnaire for Canine Idiopathic Rhinitis Control: Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence.Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 31, pp.134141. doi:10.1111/jvim.14629 Hess, S.Y., Brown, K.H., Sablah, M., Engle-Stone, R., Aaron, G.J., and Baker, S.K. (2013). Results of Fortification Rapid Assessment Tool (FRAT) surveys in sub-Saharan Africa and suggestions for future modifications of the survey instrument.Food and nutrition bulletin,34(1), pp.21-38. Iliopoulou, M.A., Kitchell, B.E. and Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V. (2013). Development of a survey instrument to assess health-related quality of life in small animal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,242(12), pp.1679-1687. Jnese, J., Heinmki, J., Arro, A., Meren, U.H. and Volmer, D. (2015). Development and piloting of a survey instrument for evaluating the impact of multi-dose dispensing on medication adherence.Dosis, 31 (2015), p. 4. Lee, A.V., Vargo, J., and Seville, E. (2013). Developing a tool to measure and compare organizations resilience.Natural hazards review,14(1), pp.29-41. Linsky, A., Simon, S.R., Stolzmann, K., Bokhour, B.G., and Meterko, M. (2016). Prescribers' perceptions of medication discontinuation: survey instrument development and validation.The American journal of managed care,22(11), p.747. McCoach, D.B., Gable, R.K. and Madura, J.P. (2013).Instrument development in the affective domain. New York, NY: Springer. Molla, A., (2013). Identifying IT sustainability performance drivers: Instrument development and validation.Information Systems Frontiers,15(5), pp.705-723. Preibusch, S., (2013). Guide to measuring privacy concerns: Review of the survey and observational instruments.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,71(12), pp.1133-1143. Srensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Pelikan, J.M., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Slonska, Z., Kondilis, B., Stoffels, V., Osborne, R.H. and Brand, H. (2013). Measuring health literacy in populations: illuminating the design and development process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q).BMC public health,13(1), p.948. Young, A. and Bryan, J., (2015). The school counselor leadership survey: instrument development and exploratory factor analysis.Professional School Counseling,19(1), pp.1-15.